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Maelzel's Chess Player
"Maelzel's Chess Player" (1836) is an essay by Edgar Allan Poe exposing a fraudulent automaton chess player called The Turk, which had become famous in Europe and the United States and toured widely. The fake automaton was invented by Wolfgang von Kempelen in 1769 and was brought to the U.S. in 1825 by Johann Nepomuk Mälzel after von Kempelen's death.
Although it is the most famous essay on the Turk, many of Poe's hypotheses were incorrect. He also may or may not have been aware of earlier articles written in the ''Baltimore Gazette'' where two youths were reported to have seen chess player William Schlumberger climbing out of the machine.〔Wimsatt, W.K. "Poe and the Chess Automaton" in ''On Poe: The Best of "American Literature"''. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1993: 82. ISBN 0-8223-1311-1〕 He did, however, borrow heavily from David Brewster's ''Letters on Natural Magic''.〔Rosenheim, Shawn James. ''The Cryptographic Imagination''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997: 100. ISBN 978-0-8018-5332-6〕 Other essays and article had been written and published prior to Poe's in Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Boston - cities in which Poe had lived or visited before writing his essay.〔Wimsatt, W.K. "Poe and the Chess Automaton" in ''On Poe: The Best of "American Literature"''. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1993: 84–85 ISBN 0-8223-1311-1〕
==Background==
Poe's essay was originally published in the April 1836 issue of the ''Southern Literary Messenger.''〔Sova, Dawn B. ''Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z''. New York: Checkmark Books, 2001: 146. ISBN 0-8160-4161-X〕
Poe's essay asserts that Maelzel's troupe of automata had made at least one previous visit to Richmond, Virginia "some years ago", at which time they were exhibited "in the house now occupied by M. Bossieux as a dancing academy". Yet, very oddly, Poe gives no precise date or location for his own more recent encounter with Maelzel's Chess-Player, apart from stating that it was exhibited in Richmond "a few weeks ago". No known 19th- or 20th-century biography of Poe discloses when or where in Richmond he witnessed the performance of the Automaton Chess-Player.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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